Info Tech

The Paint Committee of the M-M Collectors Club has developed a chart with a complete list of paint combinations used on M-M tractors and implements.

As we all know, M-M was a small company and did some very unusual things in small numbers. Therefore, we will always have some exceptions to the way tractors were painted from one day to the next. We have tried to develop the most accurate reference possible with input from many knowledgeable people. The following links go to PDF files you should be able to print.

Implements_1930s-1970s - REVISED March 2008

Avery_Oliver_Fiat_Paint_for_Tractors - REVISED March 2008

1938-1957_LetteredSeries_for_Tractors - REVISED March 2008

1956-1974_Tractors

Lawn_Mowers_1962-1970 - REVISED March 2008

Twin_Cities_Tractors - REVISED March 2008

If you disagree with the information provided please contact the Web Manager and your input will be reviewed with the Paint Committee.

The paint committee is also working with paint manufactures to provide accurate colors and up-to-date codes for each color. We expect to have this information later this year.

Publications and Service Bulletins

MMCI is pleased to provide, online for the first time, the following lists of tractor technical manuals and MM Service Bulletins available from the Floyd County Museum at Charles City, Iowa.

Tractor Technical Manuals

MM Service Bulletins

MM "D" Service Bulletins

Serial Numbers

Twin City Tractor Serial Numbers

Each link above goes to a PDF file you should be able to print. You need Adobe Reader to open the PDF file. This software is free and available at Adobe Reader.

Do you have a story?

We will continue to post articles, stories--past, present or future--related to Minneapolis-Moline, MM events and things of interest to collectors. If you would like to submit something of interest please contact us.

Did You Know?
By Tony Thompson

Did you know that the Moline Universal motor cultivator built from 1915-1923 was regularly equipped with self-starter and lights?

John Willys, (from the Willys-Knight Motor Car Company) was a large stockholder of Moline Plow Company. In 1914 the Moline-Knight automobile was produced.

The Twin City 12-20 designed for the 1919 market year was being built and sold in the fall of 1918. This compact unit frame design used two intakes and two exhaust valves per cylinder. This was accomplished with twin camshafts and yielded very high fuel economy. A larger sibling, the 20-35, introduced in 1920, was also a twin cam, 16 valve four-cylinder.

Some of the early MM-Twin Cities sold by Waterloo Company of Canada, like the KTA and 27-44 were referred to as MM-Waterloo tractors and had those letters cast in the top radiator tank.

The high production MM Model Z had no push rods or lifters in its engine. Horizontal valve placement used foot long vertical rocker arms from cam lobe to valve tip.

It is generally assumed the entire Z, ZA, and ZB series used a 206 cubic inch engine, however, the early Z was actually a 185 cubic inch.

MM engineers pioneered the use of liquefied petroleum and produced the first factory built LP gas tractors in 1941.

The MM G-707 and G-708 still used a hand clutch in 1965. The R and G series used hand clutches to productions end in 1955. Many people mistakenly believe the hand clutch disappeared when the ZB-UB series was introduced in 1953.

From 1937 to 1947 MM tractors were yellow, not Prairie Gold! The famous orange hued Prairie Gold did not show up in company advertising or tractor finishes until 1947 or 1948. Prairie Gold was used from 1948 to 1960. 4 Star, M5, and G-VI had a darker shade of Prairie Gold tinwork and metallic bronze chassis. Early Jet Stars were all metallic bronze. Through the Sixties, late Jet Star, U, M, and G series were Energy Yellow, with Dyna Brown chassis. Some final models in the late Sixties and early Seventies were red and white. Minneapolis Moline used more than six colors from 1937 to production’s end in 1973.

An Industry Leader
By Tony Thompson

As we progress into the 21st Century Twin City tractors have become highly prized collectibles with industry leading history. Perhaps the most influential design would be the 12-20. This tractor was engineered and advertised for the 1919 market year; however it is possible that ink and paper were moving to design this machine as early as 1917. By October 1918 warehouses at the Lake Street plant were full and 12-20’s were already being delivered to dealers and sold to the public.

This was Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company’s first lightweight machine and was re-rated to 17-28 in 1926. It was still available through 1935, for a total production run of 17 years. The 12-20 set a designing trend for other Twin Cities and direct relationships between the 12-20 and MM tractors were apparent until 1960. This 5000 lb. machine used a vertical 4 ¼ X 6 4 cylinder 340 cubic inch engine that posted unusually high fuel economy through the use of dual camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. At 1000 rpms 3 gallons of kerosene would produce 18.5 drawbar hp, and 28 belt pulley hp for a full hour. Two forward speeds of 2.2 and 2.9 mph were used.

When the Company’s books were closed on New Year’s Eve of 1919, 2900 12-20’s had already been sold. Year to year breakdown of serial numbers is nearly nonexistent, but here is what we do know.

• Nearly one third of total production was sold by the end of 1919, production tapered off, and it took six more years to sell the other two thirds.
• Beginning serial number for 1918 is 10201
• First 505 units used a horizontal gas starting tank behind main tank.
• Gas starting tank was placed under the hood from # 10707 to 17034
• Starting tank was mounted vertical behind main tank from # 17035 on
• First 1,010 units used a Bosch D.U. 4. magneto with large external impulse starter
• First 1,900 units used a spring loaded Borg & Beck clutch. Over center Twin Disc starts at # 12100
• In June of 1920 # 12278 was delivered to Nebraska test lab. Results are posted under test # 19
• First 5,040 made used a Pierce governor, 8 spoke front wheels, 2 piece hand crank, and early double hump or “M” shaped intake manifold
• In 1924 carburetor and manifolding updates increased power output. Engine castings and internal dimensions remained the same
• On December 4th, 1925 production had reached #18733
• Chassis #’s 18734 – 19219 were used from December 5th, 1925 to May of 1926
• Total production from 1918 to 1926 was just over 9,000 units using serial #’s 10201 - 19219

12-20 Spotters Guide
By Tony Thompson

Use with Industry Leader Fact Sheet

With no yearly breakdown in serial numbers, and many of the serial plates missing it can be very difficult to determine what year a 12-20 is. Using the Industry Leader fact sheet, enough information is available to make some educated guesses on what year some of these tractors may be.

# 10669 survived, and was discovered on a century old farm with a bill of sale showing a delivery date of October 1918. This would suggest that at least 500 of the first 12-20’s are 1918’s. Knowing that 2900 were sold by the end of 1919, you can add 2900 to starting serial # 10201 for a total of 13101. This gives us a reasonable assumption that the rest of 12-20’s up to or near 13101 would be 1919’s.
The early Pierce governor is a tiny unit mounted high above the Holley fuel mixer, and the T.C governor is mounted near bottom of engine block. The Borg & Beck clutch uses a single pedal that pushes straight down and springs back up when released. Later Twin Disc clutch is an over-center design that kicks on and kicks off with a double pedal. Later tractors had ten spoke front wheels, however, the failure - prone eight spokes on many early12-20’s have been replaced with the stronger ten spoke wheel . Later production 12-20’s used a one piece hand crank. Early 12-20’s had no numerical hp rating cast into lower radiator tank. Sometime after 1919, raised block letters showing 12-20 were cast into bottom radiator tank. Majority of 12-20’s used Holley fuel mixers, however, late production units had Wheeler Schebler carburetors with manifolds more like the later re-rated 17-28’s.

My friend Bob McGhee called one day, announcing the discovery of a 12-20 that had been in a building for many years. Serial # plate was missing (years of vibration can fracture these thin brass plates to pieces), however as he examined the old machine with me on the other end of his cell phone, we were able to piece together many years of history in just a few minutes.
• No serial # plate
• No numerical rating cast in lower radiator tank
• Two piece hand crank
• One eight spoke front and one ten spoke
• Single spring loaded clutch pedal
• Gas starting tank under hood

This was plenty of information to determine that this machine would have been numbered between 10707 and 12099, and is no doubt a 1919.
We were able to place it in one of 1,392 out of more than 9,000 …..Not bad for no serial number…...Happy hunting!

PRESERVING THE MINNEAPOLIS-MOLINE HERITAGE
By Jay Stamm, Preservation Grant Winner, Washington, Kansas

The first thing that comes to my mind to write an article about is my favorite line of Molines - the lawn and garden tractors. But for this particular article, I think there is another area that I would like to focus on - preserving the M-M heritage and what it has meant to me. Hopefully you will get a chance to read about garden tractors through Alan Goodwin's articles in about the last four issues of Prairie Gold Rush magazine or by seeing my pictorial display board that identifies the changes each year as the lawn and garden line progressed. Look for me at future M-M shows or contact me at home. I would be glad to help you determine what year and model you have or answer any other questions you might have.

In case you don't know me, I am a 17-yr old high school student. My parents tell me I attended my first M-M convention when I was just 2. It was the 125th anniversary celebration at Roger Mohr's farm in Vail, Iowa in 1990. I'm sure that back then my only focus was to see how many tractors I could sit on in a day; now I know that there is a ton of knowledge and history to be shared with my generation about this fine machinery company. I can remember tagging along with dad and grandpa to tractor shows and wishing that some day I could have a tractor of my very own. I have to credit Alan Goodwin of Missouri with being the one who piqued my interest in the garden tractors when I was about 10. I had never even noticed these little tractors at shows until I saw some of his and started asking him questions.

I continued to watch the models he and others would bring to shows, and I just couldn't learn enough about them fast enough. By the time I was 12, I had a little money saved up and I wanted to buy one. Dad found me a 10 hp model near our home in Kansas that was within my budget. It was a 1965 110 which I now consider one of my personal favorites, since I've learned that its white band trim on the grill was a unique design only found on the 1965 models. Before I forget, I also need to give credit to Roger Kinne of Kansas and Ron Becker of Minnesota for also being my mentors. These guys have all continued to give of their time to answer all my questions and have been a great source of encouragement. Because of their sharing the M-M history with me, my excitement has grown and I have continued to add to my collection. I have to thank my dad for encouraging me to go for it when I wanted to buy more garden tractors. He told me that if I felt that strongly about them, I should make it happen.

Opportunities to buy more garden tractors presented themselves during last year at school when I didn't have much wage earnings to spend, so I went to my banker, explained my desire to buy these and presented a plan to pay off the loan once I had full-time wages in the summer. My banker listened and agreed to take a chance on me. If you have the dream to buy and restore a tractor of your very own, find someone willing to take a chance on you. There are plenty of guys out there who are willing to help youth who are excited about owning and restoring their own piece of this history. This is what "preserving the M-M heritage" is about-older generations sharing with younger generations with the hope that each generation will continue to pass the history down.

That's where MMCI is really making a difference. They raise funds for such projects as the Preservation Grant. These are funds that help young people like me to be able to restore a tractor project. I decided to apply for this grant in 2002 and received $650 in matching funds. I used the money to restore the 1965 110 that was my first garden tractor purchase. I applied again in 2003 and received a $1,000 grant. I am using it to restore a 1969 114 hydro which I will be displaying at 2004 shows. I know that there are lots of you out there like me who could benefit from this program. You can find the application here on the website (www.minneapolismolinecollectors.org) or look for me or one of the MMCI directors at upcoming shows for a copy. Determine what piece of M-M equipment you would like to restore, find an MMCI member to sponsor you, and answer the questions on the application. The application deadline is June 15 of each year.

Receiving these grant funds has changed my life. Not only did the grant help me financially, but just being involved with the program has spilled over into other areas of my life in a positive way. I decided to make a display board with pictures of the various models of garden tractors produced from 1962-1969; I took this to the summer show where I first displayed my finished tractor project. I really didn't have any plans for that board other than to fulfill the grant obligation to promote M-M.

My display board has since traveled to several tractor shows locally and around the country, to my local 4-H club meetings, a county-wide public speaking contest, regional 4-H events, and to my high school ag classes. I have also given tours of my collection to both my 4-H club and my FFA chapter. I'm kind of shy and do not like public speaking, but once I shared what I've learned about the garden tractors for the first time, I noticed that people were really interested, so it gave me confidence to continue to tell others. I entered my project at my county 4-H fair under the Self-Determined category, and completed a Kansas Award Application for it which went to district competition.

I'm told that there is no official record of the serial numbers issued for the Minneapolis-Moline garden tractors. In 2003 I started recording ones I saw at shows and have placed ads requesting that owners share this information with me, in hopes that I can compile some sort of a range for each model/year to share with the M-M public. I am recording names & states of where they are located in my personal file, but will only publicly reveal the numbers or the range (lowest/highest numbers) that I have in each category.

Because of the exposure I received through the grant program award, people started contacting me from several different states; they either wanted me to locate garden tractors or to sell parts off of salvaged ones I have. That opened up a business venture for me that helped me build an Ag Sales Entrepreneurship program in FFA. I won district and state competition and I plan to speak at an upcoming Lions Club meeting and may speak to other groups as well.

I can't thank the MMCI members enough for implementing the Preservation Grant program. My participation in it has allowed me to take my 4-H and FFA participation to even greater levels than I anticipated. By giving me national exposure, you have helped to connect me with people from around the country who want to know more. I hope that you feel I have represented the organization well by doing my part to preserve the Minneapolis-Moline heritage and promote this program. I promise to continue to spread the word about this awesome company for years to come.

Don Schouweiler gave the following talk at the Winter Convention banquet, March 1, 2003.

Hi, I'm Don Schouweiler from Kellogg, Minnesota. I have been asked to speak on the Minneapolis-Moline line of equipment for which I was parts man and mechanic for a dealership in Kellogg.

Odell "Buzz" Arens worked for Minneapolis-Moline between high school and the time he was drafted. After World War II, he started a dealership in Kellogg.

I had just gotten out of the service and was married in December of 1947. One Sunday in January 1948, I was coming out of church and Buzz asked me what I was going to do now. My reply was, "I don't know." He told me to stop down to the shop the next day and give tractor mechanics a try.

The government provided 8,000 hours of on-the-job-training for vets right out of the service. The government paid 80 percent for the first 1,000 hours. I started the next day and worked there for the next 25 years until Minneapolis-Moline sold out.

After the war, the government allotted machinery to dealers as it became available. The main types of tractors we sold at the beginning were the Moline R, U, and Z. Most had magnetos, no lights or starters, so they were easy to repair and overhaul.

In my opinion, because of the maple bearing, Minneapolis-Moline made the best discs and rotary hoes on the market. Instead of ball or roller bearings, the bearings were made of hard maple wood boiled in oil. As the bearing heated, it self-lubricated.

Another unique feature of the Minneapolis-Moline was the grain drill, with six inch spacings instead of seven inch or more spacings. This allowed the swathed grain to stay on top of the stubble better.

The MM Model 69 combine had a canvas feed which would pick up grain in clumps and would plug up the machine. The Model 88 had a raddle feed, so when the grain was fed into the machine, it was carried up much smoother and with few or no plug ups. The Minneapolis-Moline corn shellers were the only commercial ones on the market and the wire tie baler could bale anything-even paper for the Boy Scouts.

The Rock-n-Roll Pickers were one of a kind. They could be mounted on a tractor in five minutes. Moline had the Uni-Harvestor, which was unique in conception as a power uni machine for ear corn picker, corn sheller, combine, baler, and snow blower.

Then, in the mid-50s, many things started to change. In came such things as the foot clutch, instead of hand clutch, live power, dual hydrolic, torque amplifier, and power steering and 3-point hitch.

Farming was changing a lot, about that time. Farms were getting bigger and there were fewer of them. Crops were changing also. Soybeans were a new crop, corn was more popular, and less acres of wheat, oats, and barley were being planted.

Changes were coming to the farm machinery, too. That's when the larger combines were introduced and larger horsepower tractors were necessary to accommodate the changes.

With all the changes in farming and agriculture, new tractors came in. Among them were the Jet-star-4-Star and 5-Star followed by the M670, 900 and 1000. Foreign machinery began selling locally. This caused some local companies to merge with one another. Finally, Minneapolis-Moline and Oliver were sold to the White Motor Company.

Our dealership was different than most others, as we made some service calls with a Piper Cub airplane. The plane had many uses such as sales and service and to give customers a ride. If we needed a part, we didn't have on hand, the supplier would send the part by taxi to the Flying Cloud Airport in Hopkins. By the time we flew there, from Kellogg, the part was waiting for us. That was my experience with Minneapolis-Moline.

This article appeared in the February/March 2003 issue of Farm & Ranch Living.Loraine and Grayden Moorhouse are members of Minneapolis-Moline Collectors.

How could I not be proud to see my husband, Grayden, driving his latest restoration project? I snapped a photo of one such "proud moment." It shows Grayden on our 1953 Minneapolis-Moline UB pulling a 1938 sheller in a local parade.

Grayden learned to drive when his dad bought an MM MTA in 1938. Since then, Grayden has managed to have at least one MM around all the time. We still use an MM 670 and an M5 for some of our fieldwork.

I didn't learn to drive a tractor till 1958, when we were married and I had to drive a 1951 U on the baler. That U was eventually traded.

Years later, Grayden located the old tractor, then bought and restored it. That was his first restoration. He restored the sheller one winter a couple years ago. The sheller had been damaged by the weather, but you sure can't tell that now. Besides repairing it mechanically, Grayden hand-painted it all himself.

Grayden and I are members of the Minneapolis-Moline Collectors Club and attend several tractor shows each year. While he's talking tractors, I enjoy checking out flea markets or just sitting with my knitting. Thanks to time spent at tractor shows, I've finished mittens, scarves, caps and slippers. I also collect MM memorabilia.

I know some folks think "tractor wives" are like "football wives" who are left to their own devices while their husbands watch TV. That's not the case with me--I love seeing Grayden on board on of his brightly shining restorations.

Editor's Note: Grayden displayed his MM Corn Sheller at the 2002 Summer Show in Rollag. You can see a photo of it on the Photo page.

A Short History of the Minneapolis-Moline Company
by William Ellis, Moline, Illinois
Back to top

The name 'Minneapolis-Moline' first appeared in 1929, upon the merger of three well-established farm equipment makers: Minneapolis Steel and Machinery (MS&M), Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company (MTM) and Moline Plow Company (MPCo). The combined firm was known as the Minneapolis-Moline Power Implement Company (MMPICo).

Moline Plow was the oldest of the 3 firms, being founded in Moline IL in 1865 as Candee, Swan & Company. By 1868, their products, primarily plows, harrows and cultivators, filled a 20 page catalog. MPCo developed a very successful 3-wheel sulky plow in 1884, whose name "Flying Dutchman" became the trademark for all the MPCo products. However, their 'Dutchman' was not the accursed sea captain of the Wagner opera, but a rotund and jolly-looking winged man, in whose upreaching hand was a fine ear of corn.

In 1915, MPCo produced a general purpose tractor, the Moline Universal, from a design developed by a small Ohio firm. The Universal was essentially a motorized horse, as the engine and drive wheels were up front and the operator rode on or over the semi-mounted, interchangeable implements. At a time when most cars and trucks were started with a hand crank, the Universal had battery starter, ignition and lights. The Universal had a patented feature which now seems obvious - the removable wheel weight. Before the Universal, tractors were built either heavy for tillage or light for cultivating.

So confident of its sales success was MPCo, they built the world's largest tractor factory, in Rock Island IL, to make the Universal Model D. (This same factory was later sold to the International Harvester Company - and became home of the Farmall tractor!) Other MPCo products included Stephens motor cars, Henney buggies, Mandt wagons, McDonald scales, Adriance harvesting machines and Monitor grain drills.

Minneapolis Threshing Machine was the descendent of McDonald Manufacturing Company of Fond du Lac WI; MTM being incorporated in 1887. Their specialty was (as you might guess!) threshers, for which they won the Gold Medal at the 1893 Columbian Exposition. They also built a wide variety of highly regarded steam plowing and threshing engines, and in 1910, their first gas tractors. Their Model 17-30 tractor, with its crosswise engine, was quite successful, and in 1926, they joined the industry move to production of the new-fangled 'combine harvester'.

Minneapolis Steel and Machinery was the youngest of the 3 merger partners, being formed in 1902. MS&M began with the fabrication of steel for buildings, bridges and mills, and Twin City stationary steam engines. About 1909, MS&M got an order to build two large prototype tractors for another company, and in 1910 decided to build and sell their own tractor, the Twin City 40. It was later joined by the Twin City 60; further sales were made of these tractors' engines as stationary power units. MS&M also continued to build tractors for others to sell, notably JI Case and Bull. MS&M manufactured structural steel, artillery shells and gun carriages for the allies in World War I. Besides the high-wheeler tractors, MS&M built threshing machines, too, and in 1919 began producing their 'modern' tractor, the 4 valve per cylinder TC 12-20, followed by the similar but larger TC 20-35.

The strongest products of each of the 3 companies meshed very well into the MMPICo - MS&M Twin City tractors, MTM threshers, shellers and combines, MPCo plows, cultivators, planters and drills. Industrial operations were on Lake Street in Minneapolis (tractors), in Hopkins (harvesting machines) and in downtown Moline (implements). Thus, a truly full-line farm machinery company emerged from three short-line firms, and their sales and dealer organizations grew, ready for business. But the stock market fell.....

In spite of the Great Depression, MMPICo introduced many new products during the 1930's - the Harvestor combine, light weight and high capacity; the labor-saving Huskor, 1 and 2 row corn pickers; and the Model Z tractor with its simplified engine design, which advertised 140 fewer parts than similar engines. Special tractors were built for industrial and orchard applications, and MMPICo stationary engines replaced steam in mills and gins, on pumps and winches.

Then 1938 saw the most extraordinary new tractor idea since pneumatic tires - the ultra-modern Model U Deluxe. With fully enclosed 'comfort cab', radio, heater, leather seats, 3-plow power for the field and 40 MPH speed for the road, the UDLX was always the center of attention. But sales were poor, given the farm economy and the high price of all that luxury. Farmers would endure 3 more decades of exposure to the weather until cabs again became common. LP-Gas (butane, then propane), became a popular fuel in many parts of the US, as MMPICo lead the industry in building tractors which used this low-cost, high- power, clean-burning fuel.

During the 1940's, MMPICo put their full capability into the war effort. Tractors were 'Lend/Leased' to our allies, and stripped U tractor chassis were shipped to England where they were fitted with Dorman and Meadows diesel engines. Besides building farm machinery critical to feeding the allied troops, MMPICo plants made artillery shells, parts for guns, tanks and ships, and 4 different sizes of special military tractors in 2, 4 and 6 wheel drive. One of these tractors was named 'Jeep' while being tested at Camp Ripley MN; then some years later another firm's vehicle won that name.

In spite of manpower and material shortages, MMPICo won numerous quality and production awards. After WWII came vast changes in the farm equipment business. As farms got bigger, farm machines, and hydraulics replaced muscles. Modified U tractors were built for sugar cane farming. 'Power Implement' was dropped from the company name.

In the early 1950's, Minneapolis-Moline Company bought BF Avery Company of Louisville, which traced its roots back to 1825. With its line of smaller tractors and Southeastern dealer network, the Avery products complemented the M-M line. During the Korean War, M-M again built artillery shells, and produced militarized versions of their already successful industrial tractors. Diesel versions of the U and G were made, and M-M built a tractor factory in Turkey for production of U diesels.

As radical as the UDLX, another M-M product changed how farmers harvested crops - the Uni-System. The Uni-Tractor was a front-drive, rear-steer skeleton which carried a wide variety of harvesting machines - corn huskor, combine, baler, picker-sheller and forage harvester. The farmer had the advantage of many self-propelled machines without the extra cost of multiple engines and drives. (The Uni design was sold to New Idea, who developed it into many larger machines, primarily for the seed corn industry.)

In about 1960, it seemed everybody brought out a full new line of farm machines, and M-M was no exception. Power steering, torque amplifier, 3-point hitch, live PTO and live multiple hydraulic outlets became commonplace. Horsepower was increased to the incredible 100 horsepower range. Factory-built front wheel-assist debuted with M-M in 1962, followed by a fully articulated four wheel drive tractor in 1969. Special versions of the Jet Star series were built for orchard use.

M-M also exchanged equipment with Massey-Ferguson (MF) - M-M GBD, G-VI and G-705/6 tractors were cosmetically changed into MF's, and several MF implements were sold with M-M markings. As M-M closed antiquated facilities, more and more of their products were being built somewhere else by someone else.

The M-M industrial product line for the 60's included crawlers, backhoe-loaders, forklifts and power trains for many kinds of specialty paving machines. The Cold War saw production of M-M military tractors, aircraft tugs and electronic test equipment. Although M-M had been the industry leader in LP-gas tractors, by the late 1960's, diesel prevailed - with the exception of stationary power applications, where natural and LP gas held firm.

As the industry consolidated in the 1970's, the M-M era ended. The White Farm organization bought M-M and Oliver-Cockshutt then stopped producing those marques in 1974. But the big M-M LP and natural gas engines were still built for pumping and other stationary uses. Engine production was moved to Russellville AR and continued into the late 1980's. After further corporate shuffles, M-M is now part of the AGCO family heritage. And AGCO had purchased New Idea, so the Uni- System actually went full circle.

© 2002
William Ellis, Moline, Illinois